Process inserts, assemblies, and related methods for high velocity applications

ABSTRACT

Process inserts, assemblies, and related methods for use in monitoring high velocity fluids or supporting instruments that monitor and manage high velocity fluids are disclosed. Exemplary inserts include a head having a cavity for receiving an instrument, a shank, and an integral flange. The shank includes an elongated body having a first end disposed proximate to the head, a free end opposite the first end, and a threaded portion spaced apart from the first and free ends. Exemplary process insert assemblies include a process insert having a shank and a threaded support disposed around the shank. Methods of making and using process inserts are also disclosed. For example, a method of installing a process insert on a container includes inserting the free end of the process insert in the interior volume of a container containing a high velocity fluid.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/614,993, filed on Nov. 19, 2019, which stems from a national stagefiling of PCT Application No. PCT/US2018/033697 filed on May 21, 2018,which claims priority pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application Ser. No. 62/509,120, filed on May 21, 2017, and toU.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. Nos. 62/542,015, filed on Aug.7, 2017, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in itsentirety

FIELD

This application relates to process inserts and assemblies and, moreparticularly, to process inserts and assemblies for high velocity fluidsand methods making and using the same.

BACKGROUND

Process inserts are used to house and support various instruments thatmonitor, inject, and/or sample process fluids being sealed or containedin a container. Exemplary process fluids include, without limitation,high velocity gases or liquids that pass through one or more pipes,ducts, or vessels. Instruments, such as sensors or probes, can be housedin the process inserts and inserted within the container directly in thestream of the high velocity fluid for various applications. For example,the sensors or probes can be used to monitor the fluid via theextraction of fluid samples or obtain real-time temperature measurementsof the fluid as it flows through the container.

In some instances, the process inserts vibrate in response to turbulenceor vortices that form as a result of passing the high velocity fluidover and/or around the insert. Such vibrations can have adverse effectson the ability to obtain a dynamic fluid sample or accurate measurementsusing the instruments housed in the process inserts. Moreover, prolongedvibration of the process inserts can cause the inserts to oscillate,experience fatigue and/or cracking, detach from the container, and/or,in some instances, fail.

Accordingly, and in view of the problems described above, a need existsfor improved process inserts and assemblies having an improvedresistance to velocity induced vibration.

Process inserts, assemblies, and related methods are set forth herein.Such inserts and assemblies can attach to containers having a highvelocity fluid flowing therethrough, and be used to support or attachinstruments that measure or sample the fluid, or instruments that injectmaterial into the fluid. The process inserts, assemblies, and methodsdescribed herein advantageously support the formation of flanged andthreaded connections that respectively seal the fluid in the containeror insert and provide a point of support at the exterior surface of thefluid-containing container, which allows an unsupported length of theinsert disposed within the container to be reduced. Reducing theunsupported length of the insert within the container improves themechanical integrity of the insert and, thus, renders the insert lessprone to damage caused by velocity induced vibration.

SUMMARY

In some aspects, the process inserts described herein comprise a headhaving a cavity disposed therein for receiving an instrument. Suchinserts further comprise a shank having an elongated body with a firstend disposed adjacent or proximate to the head, a free end opposite thefirst end, and a threaded portion spaced apart from each of the firstand free ends. The cavity can extend through a portion of the elongatedbody.

The threaded portion of the shank comprises a non-locking thread, suchas a straight or non-tapered thread. The threaded portion may be locatedcloser to the free end than the first end, or vice versa. In certainembodiments, the threaded portion is disposed on less than one-half ofthe elongated body. For example, approximately one-half of the elongatedbody can be disposed on a first side of the threaded portion andapproximately one-quarter of the elongated body can be disposed on asecond side of the threaded portion. Alternatively, the threaded portionmay be disposed on more than one-half of the elongated body.

The process inserts described herein therefor can comprise a head havinga cavity disposed therein for receiving an instrument, and a shankhaving a threaded portion spaced apart from each of the first and freeends. The process inserts can in some instances further comprise aflange configured to form a seal, such as a pressure containing seal.The seal can be formed between the process insert and a container towhich the process insert can be attached. In some instances a pluralityof flanges can form a seal between the process insert and a container.The flange or plurality of flanges can be any type of flange or have anyflange design capable of forming a seal. For example, in some cases, aflange is or comprises a Van Stone-type flange, raised face flange, flatface flange, ring joint flange, or a tongue and groove flange.Additionally, when a plurality of flanges are used, such as a firstflange and a second flange, the plurality of flanges are complementaryin flange-type to each other. As understood by one of ordinary skill inthe art, complementary flanges need not be the same type of flange,provided that the complementary flanges can be joined together to form aseal. Complementary flanges can be of the same type or different types.Moreover, one or more flanges of a process insert or system describedherein can be used to form a seal in conjunction with one or more othercomponents, such as a hub, washer, or o-ring.

In some embodiments, for example, process inserts described herein cancomprise a hub disposed between the head and the shank of the insert,wherein the hub is configured to form a lap or lapped joint, such aswith a flange member or plurality of flange members. The hub can extendradially outward from the process insert and have a diameter greaterthan a diameter of the head or shank.

Further, and in some embodiments, a first flange member is disposed on afirst side of the hub and a second flange member is disposed on a secondside of the hub, where the first side is a shank facing side and thesecond side is a head facing side of the hub. The first flange member orthe second flange member can optionally comprise a Van Stone-typeflange, raised face flange, flat face flange, ring joint flange, or atongue and groove flange.

In some embodiments, the hub itself comprises or forms an integralflange, and a first flange member is disposed on a first side of theintegral flange. The “integral” flange can be integrally formed from theprocess insert such that the integral flange is part of a unitarystructure of the process insert (such as may be obtaining by forming theintegral flange from the same material as the remainder of the processinsert during manufacture of the process insert through a turningprocess). Alternatively, the “integral” flange can be a separatelyformed component that is attached or coupled to the process insertthrough welding, soldering, brazing, frictional engagement, threadedengagement, bonding, or any other type of joining process consistentwith this disclosure.

Further, a plurality of bolts can be disposed through portions of afirst flange member, second flange member, or integral flange describedherein for forming a pressure containing seal that prevents the fluidfrom breaching the container and/or the insert. The pressure containingseal is a pressure rated seal, in certain embodiments.

Moreover, the elongated body of a process insert described herein cancomprise a straight body, a stepped body, or a tapered body. Forexample, and in certain embodiments, the elongated body comprises afirst body portion having a first diameter and a second body portionhaving a second diameter that is less than the first diameter. Thethreaded portion can be disposed on the first body portion or the secondbody portion. In certain embodiments, the first body portion abuts thesecond body portion, and the threaded portion is disposed adjacent tothe where the first body portion meets the second body portion. Thefirst and second body portions can be non-tapered or tapered.

The cavity formed in the head of the process inserts described hereincan extend only partially through the shank or entirely through theshank. Various instruments can be fully or partially positioned anddisposed in the cavity. For example, such instruments may include asensor, probe, or sensor attaching device. Such sensors, where used, mayinclude temperature sensors such as thermocouples, resistancetemperature detectors (RTDs), bimetal Gauges, thermometers, or gasactuated thermometers. Other sensors and/or temperature sensors may beprovided, including, without limitation, pressure sensors, leakdetection sensors, velocity sensors, or any other type of sensor notinconsistent with the present disclosure.

In certain embodiments, the process inserts set forth herein arethermowells, protection tubes, sampling probes, and/or injection quills.In some cases, the thermowell process inserts set forth herein havestructures that comply with ASME standards, including ASME PTC 19.3 TW,and specifically ASME PTC 19.3 TW 2016. Alternatively, process insertscomprising thermowells having dimensions that do not fall within thescope of ASME PTC 19.3 TW are also contemplated.

The process inserts described herein can be attached or connected to acontainer which can comprise, without limitation, any one of a duct, apipe, a vessel, a conduit, or a tank. Such containers include one ormore outer walls that define or enclose an interior volume. A free endof the process insert shank can be positioned or disposed in theinterior volume of the container, and the first end of the shank can bepositioned or disposed outside of the interior volume of the container.In certain embodiments, the free end of the shank is disposed at aspatial position located a distance away from the outer wall, such thata majority of the shank is outside of the container. Alternatively, amajority of the shank could be disposed inside the container.

In certain embodiments, the process insert shanks described hereincomprises a supported length disposed adjacent to the outer wall of thecontainer and an unsupported length positioned in the interior volume ofthe containers. In certain embodiments, a ratio of the supported lengthto the unsupported length is greater than 1. Alternatively, the ratio ofthe supported length to the unsupported length is less than or equal to1.

According to another aspect, process insert assemblies are disclosed.Such an assembly comprises a process insert and a support. The processinsert can comprise a shank, and the support can be disposed around theshank. The support further comprises a threaded region that isconfigured to threadingly engage the shank.

The assemblies set forth herein can further comprise a nozzle disposedbetween the insert and the support. Fluid can be sealed in the nozzlevia the flanged connection to prevent fluid from breaching the insert.The nozzle can also support a non-threaded portion of the shank. Thenozzle can optionally be nested or partially housed in the support.Alternatively, the nozzle can abut the support. In certain embodiments,the nozzle is welded to the support. Alternatively, the nozzle canfrictionally or threadingly engage the support.

Notably, the support and/or nozzle, alone or combined, engage andsupport the shank on or over the outer wall of the container to whichthe insert is attached. Supporting the shank on or over the outer wallof the container improves the mechanical integrity of the insert andallows the unsupported length to be reduced.

Furthermore, in some embodiments when the first flange member or thesecond flange member is a Van Stone flange, the nozzle can have a firstend and an opposite support facing end. The first end of the nozzle canbe rolled, bent, or turned outward to form a Van Stone-style face flangethat is positioned, disposed, or sandwiched between the first and secondflange members. The face flange of the nozzle can in some instancesdirectly contact the first side of the hub on the process insert, orindirectly contact the first side of the hub through a washer or spacer.In embodiments where the first flange member and the integral flangeform a pressure tight or pressure rated seal, the face flange of thenozzle can be positioned between the first flange member and theintegral flange.

In some instances, when the nozzle is or comprises a raised face flange,flat face flange, ring joint flange, or a tongue and groove flange, afirst flange member can be attached to a first end of the nozzle throughwelding, soldering, brazing, frictional engagement, threaded engagement,bonding, or any other type of joining process.

In further aspects, methods of installing process inserts and assemblieson a container are disclosed. Such a method comprises inserting the freeend of the process insert in the interior volume of the container. Themethod can further comprise screwing the threaded portion of the insertinto a threaded portion of the container or a threaded portion of asupport attached to the container, thereby threadingly engaging theinsert with the container and forming a threaded attachment between theinsert and the container. The threaded attachment does not form asubstantially pressure containing and/or a pressure rated seal betweenthe interior volume of the container and the exterior of the container.Rather, in many cases, the flanged connection formed at the processinsert hub forms the pressure containing and/or pressure rated seal.

The method of installing an insert can further comprise forming aflanged connection between the insert and the container proximate to thehub of the insert. The flanged connection forms a pressure containingand/or a pressure rated seal between the interior volume of thecontainer and the exterior of the container.

In further embodiments, the method of installing the insert furthercomprises inserting an instrument in the cavity of the insert. Suchinstruments can comprise, without limitation, a probe, a sensor, or anattachment device, including but not limited to a temperature sensor, asampling attachment instrument, or an injection attachment device.

In a further aspect, a method of measuring the temperature of a fluidflowing through a container is disclosed. The method comprises insertingthe free end of the process insert into the interior volume of thecontainer, the insert comprising a thermowell. The method can furthercomprise inserting a temperature sensor into the cavity of thethermowell and measuring the temperature of the fluid using thetemperature sensor.

In a further aspect, a method of sampling a fluid flowing through acontainer is disclosed. The method comprises inserting the free end of aprocess insert into the interior volume of the container, the insertcomprising a sampling probe. The method can further comprise extractinga fluid sample from the interior volume of the container through thecavity of the insert.

In yet a further aspect, a method of injecting material into a fluidflowing through a container is disclosed. The method comprises insertingthe free end of a process insert into the interior volume of thecontainer, the insert comprising an injection quill. The method canfurther comprise injecting material into the fluid flowing through thecontainer through the cavity of the insert.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The invention will now be described by way of example with reference tothe accompany figures.

FIGS. 1A-1D schematically illustrates process inserts according toembodiments described herein.

FIG. 2A schematically illustrates a process insert assembly according toan embodiment described herein.

FIGS. 2B and 2C are detail views of an opening in a high velocityfluid-containing container according embodiments described herein.

FIGS. 3A and 3B are exploded perspective and side views of a processinsert assembly according to an embodiment described herein.

FIG. 3C is a side view of a process insert assembly according to anembodiment described herein.

FIGS. 4A and 4B are exploded perspective and side views of a processinsert assembly according to an embodiment described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiments described herein can be understood more readily by referenceto the following detailed description, examples, and figures. Thedevices, assemblies, and methods described herein, however, are notlimited to the specific embodiments presented in the detaileddescription, examples, and figures. It should be recognized that theseembodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the presentsubject matter. Numerous modifications and adaptations will be readilyapparent to those of skill in the art without departing from the scopeof the present subject matter.

In addition, all ranges disclosed herein are to be understood toencompass any and all subranges subsumed therein. For example, a statedrange of “1.0 to 10.0” should be considered to include any and allsubranges beginning with a minimum value of 1.0 or more and ending witha maximum value of 10.0 or less, e.g., 1.0 to 5.3, or 4.7 to 10.0, or3.6 to 7.9.

All ranges disclosed herein are also to be considered to include the endpoints of the range, unless expressly stated otherwise. For example, arange of “between 5 and 10” or “from 5 to 10” or “5-10” should generallybe considered to include the end points 5 and 10.

As used herein, the term “container” refers to any structure having aninterior volume formed by or between one or more surfaces of thecontainer. Exemplary containers include, without limitation, pipes,vessels, ducts, tanks, conduits, enclosures, or combinations thereof.

As used herein, the terms “fluid” and “process fluid” refer to anymaterial or composition that is flowing through a container. Exemplarycompositions are fully or partially solid-phase, liquid-phase, orgas-phase compositions, or compositions can be formed from a combinationof any two or more solid, liquid, or gas phase constituents.

As used herein, the term “process insert” refers to a structure that isconfigured for full or partial insertion into a stream of a processfluid flowing through a container. Exemplary process inserts include,without limitation, sensor attaching devices, thermowells, protectiontubes, sampling probes, and injection quills.

I. Process Inserts

In one aspect, process inserts are described and disclosed herein. Theprocess inserts set forth herein are configured for insertion in acontainer containing a fluid that is flowing at a high velocity throughan interior volume of the container. The process inserts have astructure that facilitates the formation of flanged, pressure containingseals that are spaced apart from the outer surface of the container forimproved installation, inspection, replacement, or removal of theinserts and/or instruments housed therein

The process inserts described herein also exhibit a more robust andimproved structural integrity that is bolstered, in part, by theprovision of a threaded portion having a threaded support surface beingsupported on or over the outer surface of the container. Such insertsare also operable to facilitate improved fluid sampling, injecting, orfluid monitoring via an insert having a shortened unsupported lengthpositioned inside the container. Reducing the unsupported length of theinsert inside the container improves its ability to withstand forces orvibrations generated by the high velocity fluid as it flows around theinsert. Thus, the inserts described herein may be operable for longerlifetimes and/or require less maintenance. The process inserts describedherein also improve the protection and support afforded to instrumentsbeing housed therein, so that the instruments can more efficientlymonitor, sample, inject, or otherwise interact with the high velocityfluid flowing through a container.

Turning now to specific components of the process inserts describedherein, such inserts can comprise, consist, or consist essentially of ahead, and an elongated shank having a threaded portion disposed on orover the elongated body of the shank.

In some embodiments, the head comprises a cavity configured to receivean instrument and the shank comprises an elongated body having a firstend disposed proximate to the head, a free end opposite the first end,and a threaded portion spaced apart from each of the first and freeends. In certain instances, for example, the cavity extends throughportions of head and the shank. For example, and in some embodiments,the cavity only extends through a portion of the elongated body of theinsert. Alternatively, the cavity can extend through the entire lengthof the elongated body so that the cavity is open at multiple ends of theinsert for accommodating a variety of different instruments and/or fluidmanagement applications. Various instruments, such as sensors or probes,can be positioned within or connected to the cavity for measuring,monitoring, sampling, injecting, or otherwise managing the fluid as itflows through the container.

The head of the process insert can comprise an upper body portion havingan upper surface in which an opening of the cavity is defined. The headcan further comprise a lower body portion or base located opposite fromthe upper portion. One or more outer walls of the head portion extendbetween and connect the upper surface and the base. The outerwall(s) areoptionally formed, machined, or otherwise shaped so that the head can beengaged and manipulated via one or more tools during installation,repair, inspection, or removal of the insert, such tools comprising, forexample and without limitation, grips, pincers, pliers, sockets, orwrenches.

In some embodiments, the process inserts comprise a hub disposed betweenthe head and the shank. The hub is in some instances configured to forma lapped joint on or over one or more flange members that form a flangedconnection to seal the process fluid inside the container and/orportions of the insert (e.g., in an optional insert nozzle), thuspreventing the fluid from reaching the outside environment when theprocess insert is coupled to the container. In other instances, the hubdefines, forms, or is configured to form an integral flange thatconnects with a flange member to form a flanged connection to seal theprocess fluid inside the container and/or portions of the insert whenthe process insert is coupled to the container.

The hub is located or disposed proximate to the base of the head. Insome cases, the hub is disposed around the circumference or perimeter ofthe base. The hub can also be disposed around the circumference orperimeter of the shank, in some cases, where the head meets the shank.The base of the head may terminate at the hub and/or at the shank. Forexample, and in some cases, the head abuts the shank and is directlyadjacent to the shank, while in other cases the head abuts the hub andis directly adjacent to the hub and indirectly adjacent to the shank. Incertain cases, each of the head and the shank are adjacent to the huband abut the hub, as the hub is disposed therebetween.

Moreover, and in some cases, for example, the hub extends radiallyoutward from the outer surface of the process insert to form a skirt,seat, or ledge that is larger in diameter than each of the head and theshank. The hub is configured to overlap one or more flange members forforming a lapped joint. In some cases, the one or more flange memberscan fittingly engage or seat against the hub, for example, and onopposing sides of the hub. The flange members can seat directly againstthe hub, or a spacer, such as a washer, may be positioned between thehub and one or both flange members.

In some instances, the hub extends radially outward from the outersurface of the process insert to form an integrated or integral flange.In this instance, the integral flange has a diameter larger thaninstances where the hub forms a lapped joint between two flange members.Generally, the integral flange, when present, has a diametercorresponding in size to the flange member. The integral flange isconfigured to engagingly fit or seat against the flange member. Theintegral flange and the flange member can seat directly against eachother in some cases, or, in other cases, a spacer or washer may bepositioned between the integral flange and the flange member. Theintegral flange can comprise a plurality of fastener receiving holesdistributed radially proximate to an outer circumferential edge, theparticular locations of each fastener receiving hole corresponding to acomplementary fastener receiving hole on the flange member to befastened to the integral flange. The integral flange can be integrallyformed form the process insert, or the integral flange can be connectedto the process insert through welding, soldering, brazing, frictionalengagement, threaded engagement, bonding, or any other type of joiningprocess consistent with this disclosure.

When forming an overlapping joint, upon positioning the flange membersagainst the hub, one or more bolts or other such fasteners can beinserted through the complementary fastener receiving holes to securethe flange members together to form a pressure containing seal. When thehub comprises, forms, or defines the integral flange, upon positioningthe flange member against the integral flange, one or more bolts orother such fasteners can be inserted through the complementary fastenerreceiving holes to secure the flange member and integral flange togetherto form a pressure containing seal. The flange members can be, but donot have to be, Van Stone flange members. In some instances, the flangemembers are a raised face flange, flat face flange, ring joint flange,or a tongue and groove flange. Additionally, in some instances the hubcan overlap portions of one or both flange members for supportingformation of the pressure containing seal between the interior andexterior of the container or insert, thereby preventing fluid frombreaching the container, the insert, or both.

In certain embodiments, the pressure containing seal formed via theflange members positioned at the hub, or via the flange member connectedto the integral flange, is a pressure rated seal that is approved foruse at high temperatures and pressures. For example, certain flangesmust be approved for use under high pressure and/or temperatureconditions according to one or more widely recognized standards, such asthe American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standards. Depending onthe material the flange is made from, such as cast iron or forged steel,and the type of connection required to attach the flange to a pipe (e.g.via a welded or threaded connection), standard class ratings aredetermined that set forth pressure/temperature ratings, required boltand nut dimensions, etc. In the oil and gas industry, for example,flanges are expected to withstand high pressures, and the ANSI standardsprovide consumers with an assurance that the product is approved forparticular applications. Accordingly, and in certain embodiments, theflanged connections described herein are ANSI B16.5 pipe flanges thatare rated from Class 150 through to Class 2500 which allow forhydrostatic test pressures ranging from 400 psi (2.76 MPa) up to justunder 10,000 psi (68.95 MPa). It will be appreciated by persons skilledin the art, however, that not all flanges fall within the scope of theANSI standards. Thus, some of the flanges described herein areconfigured to meet and comply with the ANSI standards and ratings, whileother flanges fall outside of the scope of having to meet the ANSIstandards and ratings.

The process insert shank can extend outwardly away from the hub andterminate at a remote, distal location relative to the hub. The totallength of the shank, as measured from the first end (i.e., adjacent tothe hub or head) to the free end (i.e., the terminal end), can compriseany suitable length not inconsistent with the present disclosure. Forexample, the total length of the process insert shank, in someinstances, is between about 1 and 48 inches, or any subrange thereof(e.g., 4-8 in., 5-10 in., 6-12 in., etc.). Longer or shorter shanks arealso contemplated. Other exemplary shank lengths are provided in Table 1below.

TABLE 1 Total Length of Shank, in inches (in.) >2 in. >10 in. >12in. >24 in. 4-16 in. 6-48 in.

The process inserts shanks described herein comprise a threaded portion,defining a threaded support surface that is disposed on or over theelongated shank body. The threaded portion is spaced at least somedistance apart from each of the first and free ends and, in some cases,is disposed over an intermediate portion of the elongated shank bodythat is disposed between and/or bounded by the first and free ends. Forexample, in certain cases the threaded portion is spaced at least 0.2inches apart from each of the first and second free ends, or anydistance greater than 0.2 inches not inconsistent with the instantdisclosure (e.g., 0.5 in., 0.8 in., 1 in., 2 in., etc.). As noted above,the threaded portion can be spaced equal distances away from the firstand free ends (i.e., a centrally disposed threaded portion) or unequaldistances from the first and free ends (i.e., a non-centrally disposedthreaded portion).

Further, and in some instances, a first portion of the shank is disposedon a first side of the threaded portion, between the first end of theshank and the initial thread of the threaded portion, the initial threadbeing the closest thread to the hub. A second portion of the shank canbe disposed on a second side of the threaded portion, on the free endside of the body. In certain cases, the threaded portion is anon-locking thread, such as a straight or non-tapered thread. Thethreaded portion of the process insert is configured to threadinglyengage a threaded support or a threaded region of the container to whichthe insert attaches for improved support and stability of the instrumentdisposed inside of the insert. The threaded portion provides a point ofsupport on the insert, and is not necessarily configured tosubstantially seal the inside of the container from the outside of thecontainer, or prevent fluid from breaching the container.

The threaded portion of the shank improves the stability and support ofthe insert via threaded engagement to a matching thread of the supportor wall of the container, which allows for a reduction in theunsupported length of the shank. For example, portions of the shankdisposed below the final thread of the threaded portion, the finalthread being the most distal from the hub, including portions of theshank that extend between the final thread and the free end of the shankdefine the “unsupported length” of the shank and insert. The unsupportedlength of the shank is the portion of the insert that is inserted in theinterior volume of the container and positioned in the path of thefluid. The remainder of the shank can be supported outside of thecontainer.

In certain instances, the ratio of the supported length of the shank tothe unsupported length of the shank for the process inserts describedherein is greater than 1. Alternatively, the ratio of the supportedlength of the shank to the unsupported length of the shank can be lessthan 1. The unsupported length of the shank, in some cases, is betweenabout 0.5 and 24 inches, or any subrange thereof (e.g., 1-6 in., 2-6in., 4-8 in., etc.). However, the unsupported length of the shank cancomprise any length not inconsistent with the present disclosure. Otherexemplary lengths are provided in Table 2 below.

TABLE 2 Unsupported Length of Shank, in inches (in.) >0.5 in. >2 in. >4in. >12 in. 2-16 in. 4-24 in.

Still referring to the process insert shank, and in some cases, thethreaded portion of the shank is located closer to the free end of theshank than the first end of the shank, such that the unsupported lengthis reduced. However, it may be desirable in other embodiments toposition the threaded portion of the shank closer to the first end ofthe shank. Any placement of the threaded portion on, over, or relativeto the elongated body of the shank, not inconsistent with the presentapplication, is contemplated. For example, in certain embodiments, thethread is centrally located between the first end of the shank and thefree end of the shank.

In an exemplary embodiment, approximately one-half of the elongated bodyis disposed on a first side of the threaded portion, approximatelyone-quarter of the elongated body is disposed on a second side of thethreaded portion, and the thread extends over approximately one-quarterof the elongated body. However, the threaded portion can occupy anyspatial location and length of the shank not inconsistent with thepresent disclosure. In another exemplary embodiment, approximatelyone-third of the elongated body is disposed on a first side of thethreaded portion, approximately one-third of the elongated body isdisposed on a second side of the threaded portion, and the threadextends over approximately one-third of the elongated body. The threadedportion can be disposed on less than one-half of the total length of theshank or more than one-half of the total length of the shank. Any lengthand location of the threaded portion over the shank, not inconsistentwith the present disclosure, are contemplated.

The shank can further comprise any size of diameter not inconsistentwith the present disclosure. For example, the shank can comprise adiameter of between about 0.25 and 6 inches, or any subrange thereof(e.g., 1-2 in., 1-6 in., 2-4 in., etc.). The shank diameter can besubstantially uniform along its entire length. Alternatively, the shankdiameter can vary along its entire length between the first end and thefree end. For example, in certain cases, the first end comprises alarger diameter than the free end. In other embodiments, the threadedportion comprises a larger diameter than the first and free ends. Infurther embodiments, the shank, or any portion thereof, comprise atapered diameter. The shank can comprise a substantially uniformdiameter, a non-uniform (i.e., variable) diameter, or a tapereddiameter, where desired. Where the diameter varies, it may optionallyassume a stepped configuration, in which a larger diameter section abutsand/or forms a step against a smaller diameter section. Any shank shapeor configuration not inconsistent with the present disclosure can beprovided.

Referring now to the cavity being formed through the process insert, andin certain embodiments, the cavity is an elongated cavity that extendsin an elongated direction along an elongated axis of the process insert.The elongated axis can bisect the insert in the longitudinal directioncorresponding to the elongated length of the shank. One or moreinstruments, such as one or more sensors or probes, are then positionedin the cavity. The cavity can be centrally or non-centrally disposedthrough portions of the head and the shank. Other cavity shapes, such asnon-elongated shapes area also contemplated. The cavity can comprise asubstantially circular sectional shape, a non-circular sectional shape,or any other sectional shape not inconsistent with the presentdisclosure

In some embodiments, for example, where the cavity does not extend thefull length of the shank, the cavity can house or support a sensor.Exemplary sensors include, without limitation, pressure sensors,temperature sensors, velocity sensors, humidity sensors, leak sensors,or any other type of sensor not inconsistent with the presentdisclosure. In certain embodiments, the sensor disposed in the processinsert cavity is a temperature sensor including, without limitation, athermocouple, a resistance temperature detector (RTD), a bimetal Gauge,or a thermometer.

In further embodiments, for example, where the cavity does extendthrough the entire length of the shank, the cavity can be connected to asampling instrument or injection device to function as a sampling probeor an injection quill. The cavity can include openings at the processinsert head and free end for allowing the sampling probe or injectionquill to respectively extract a fluid sample or inject a material intothe fluid passing through the container. Any other type of probe orinstrument not inconsistent with the present disclosure may bepositioned within the insert cavity for interacting with and/or managingthe flow of fluid through the container.

Notably, as described in reference to the hub, the process insert isconfigured to support and/or form a flange sealed or flanged connectionproximate the process insert hub. In some instances the hub forms alapping joint with one or more flange members to form a pressurecontaining seal that prevents the fluid from breaching the container orinsert. In some embodiments with the overlapping joint, a first flangemember is disposed on a first side of the hub and a second flange memberdisposed on a second side of the hub, where the first side is a shankfacing side and the second side is a head facing side of the hub. Eachflange member can abut or seat on, over, or against the hub, directly orindirectly. The flange members can optionally comprise a Van Stone-typeflange, raised face flange, flat face flange, ring joint flange, or atongue and groove flange. One or more fasteners (e.g., screws, clips, orbolts) can be positioned through the fastener receiving holes of theflange members and compressively draw the flange members towards andagainst each other to form a pressure containing seal. The pressurecontaining seal can prevent fluid from breaching the container as wellas an optional nozzle that surrounds portions of the insert. The firstflange member can be optionally attached to an end of the nozzle bywelding, soldering, brazing, frictional engagement, threaded engagement,bonding, or any other type of joining process consistent with thisdisclosure.

In some instances, the hub itself forms the integral flange and contactsthe flange member to form a pressure containing seal that prevents thefluid from breaching the container or insert. In the embodiments withthe integral flange, a first flange member is disposed on a first sideof the integral flange, and the first flange member abuts or seats on,over, or against the first side of the integral flange, either directlyor indirectly. For purposes of orientation, the first side is a shankfacing side and the second side is a head facing side of the integralflange. As described for the overlapping joint embodiment, the firstflange member can optionally be a Van Stone-type flange, raised faceflange, flat face flange, ring joint flange, or a tongue and grooveflange, and one or more fasteners can compressively draw the flangemember and the integral flange together to from a pressure containingseal. In some preferred embodiments, the first flange member is a raisedface flange. Moreover, the first flange member can optionally beconnected to the nozzle via welding, soldering, brazing, frictionalengagement, threaded engagement, bonding, or any other type of joiningprocess consistent with this disclosure.

The inserts described herein can comprise any type of insert notinconsistent with this disclosure. Such inserts house, support, orattach instruments configured to test, inject, sample, monitor, ormanage the high velocity fluid passing through a container. In someembodiments, the process insert is a sensor attaching device thatfacilitates support and attachment of one or more sensors to thecontainer. In other embodiments, the process insert is a thermowellhaving an overall structure that complies with ASME PTC 19.3 TW 2016standard. In further embodiments, the process insert is a protectiontube, a sampling probe, an injection quill, or a thermowell fallingoutside of the scope of ASME PTC 19.3 TW 2016 standard.

The process inserts described herein can be attached or connected to acontainer comprising an outer wall enclosing an interior volume. Thefree end of the process insert shank is positioned in the interiorvolume of the container and the first end of the shank is positionedoutside of the interior volume and a distance away from the outer wall.Exemplary containers include, without limitation, pipes, vessels, ducts,conduits, or tanks.

The process inserts described herein can have any combination ofproperties or features described herein not inconsistent with theobjectives of this disclosure. Numerous modifications and adaptationsthereof will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art withoutdeparting from the scope of the subject matter.

II. Process Insert Assemblies

In a further aspect, process insert assemblies are disclosed. Theassemblies described herein improve the amount of support being providedto process inserts and facilitate the formation of a threaded attachmentbetween the insert and the container. Improving the degree of supportbestowed to the process inserts allows for improved fluid monitoring andmanagement using the instruments disposed in the inserts, in part, byimproving the structural integrity of the inserts.

The process insert assemblies described herein comprise, consist, orconsist essentially of a process insert and a support. The processinsert has a shank and the support can be fully or partially disposedaround the shank. In certain cases, the support is a threaded supporthaving a threaded region configured to threadingly engage the threadedportion of the shank. The process insert can comprise, for example, andin some embodiments, any of the process inserts described hereinabove inSection I. However, any other type of process insert not inconsistentwith the present disclosure can also be provided, so long as the supportcan threadingly engage and support the insert.

In some cases, the support is formed from a body of metallic materialthat can be disposed on or over a container. Non-metallic supports beingformed from plastics, composites, or other materials are alsocontemplated. The supports can be discrete, standalone components orintegrally formed with a container to which the insert will beconnected. The support can, but does not have to, include a lowersurface that is contoured to match the outer surface geometry of thecontainer to which it will attach. For example, where the container is apipe or vessel having a curved outer surface, the lower surface of thesupport can likewise have a contoured surface that matches orsubstantially matches the curvature of the container's outer surface.

Further, in some cases, the support comprises an annular shaped bodyhaving a bore extending through the center of the body. A portion of thebore forms an inner support surface that supports the shank. The innersupport surface is machined or otherwise formed with an inner thread.The inner thread of the support matches the outer thread of the threadedportion of the shank, so that the two threaded surfaces can threadinglyengage upon inserting the shank through the bore and rotating, screwing,or otherwise manipulating the insert so that the threaded shank threadswith the threaded bore. The process insert and support can collectivelyform a process insert assembly, which can be supported on or over theexterior surface of a given container that contains a high velocityfluid.

The threaded portion of the process insert shank and the threaded regionof the support are configured to engage to form a substantiallynon-locking threaded joint. That is, the threaded portion of the processinsert shank and the threaded region of the support each comprise amachined thread that is substantially straight and non-tapered.Therefore, the non-locking threaded joint does not substantially sealthe fluid inside the container, and some portion of the fluid may breachthe joint and partially extend through a nozzle being attached to thesupport and/or insert. The fluid can be sealed in the container andnozzle via the flanged connection formed at the hub as described inSection I above.

For example, and in certain embodiments, an optional nozzle is providedand disposed between the insert and the support. The nozzle isconfigured to at least partially enclose the process insert shank andsupport one or more non-threaded portions of the shank. The nozzle canbe partially nested in the bored portion of the support. Alternatively,the nozzle can abut the support and not substantially overlap the bore.The nozzle may be attached to the support and/or the process insertshank via welding, soldering, brazing, frictional engagement, threadedengagement, bonding, or any other type of joining process consistentwith this disclosure.

One or more process assemblies can be connected to a container thatcomprises, consists, or consists essentially of an outer wall enclosingan interior volume. Each assembly includes a support configured toengage and support the process insert shank on or over the outer wall ofthe container. The support can directly contact the container or bespaced apart therefrom via one or more spacers, mats, seals, or grips.Containers incorporating such process insert assemblies can includepipes, ducts, vessels, tanks, conduits, or any other type of containerenclosing a high velocity fluid.

The process insert assemblies described herein can have any combinationof properties or features described herein not inconsistent with theobjectives of the present disclosure. Numerous modifications andadaptations thereof will be readily apparent to those skilled in the artwithout departing from the scope of this disclosure.

III. Methods of Installing Process Inserts

In further aspects, methods of installing process inserts are disclosed.The process inserts and/or assemblies being installed on or over acontainer may include any of the inserts and assemblies described inSections I and II above.

The method of installing a process insert to a container comprisesinserting the free end of the insert in the interior volume of thecontainer. The free end and portion of the insert being positionedinside the container forms the unsupported length, which corresponds tothe portion of the shank that is distal from the hub and threadedportion. The remainder of the process insert can be supported outside ofthe container.

The installation method can further comprise, for example, rotating,threading, engaging, or screwing the threaded portion of the insertagainst or into the threaded region or portion of the container or thethreaded region or portion of a support attached to the container.Screwing the threaded portion of the insert into the threaded portion ofthe container or support facilitates formation of a threaded engagementbetween the insert and the container and a threaded attachment betweenthe insert and the container.

As noted above, the threaded portion of the support and the threadedportion of the process insert can comprise non-locking, machine threads.Thus, the threaded attachment does not form a substantially pressurecontaining and/or a pressure rated seal between the interior volume ofthe container and the exterior of the container. The fluid can be sealedin the container via a flanged connection or seal positioned at theprocess insert hub.

The installation method can further comprise forming a flangedconnection between the insert and the container proximate to the hub orwith the hub of the process insert. In some instances, forming theflanged connection can comprise inserting the process insert through afirst flange member, inserting a second flange member over the insert,and seating the second flange member insert over the hub. In otherinstances, forming the flanged connection can comprise inserting theprocess insert through a first flange member and seating the firstflange member directly or indirectly against an integral flange formedby the hub. The first flange member and integral flange are then joinedvia one or more fasteners and tightened together. Notably, the flangemembers or flange member and integral flange can form a pressure ratedseal at the hub that complies with ANSI standards, where desired,between the interior volume of the container and the exterior of thecontainer. Non-pressure rated seals are also contemplated, for lowerpressure and/or lower temperature applications that fall outside of theANSI standards.

The installation method can comprise threading the insert directly tothe container, for example, in cases where the container has a threadedopening, or alternatively, threading the insert directly to the supportbeing positioned over the container surface. The support can be attachedor joined to the container via welding, soldering, brazing, bonding,threaded engagement, or any other type of joining process consistentwith the present disclosure.

Further, and in some cases, the method of installing the process insertto the container further comprises inserting an instrument into thecavity of the insert. Such instrument can comprise, for example andwithout limitation, a probe, a sensor, a temperature sensor, a samplingattachment instrument, or an injection attachment device.

The methods described herein can have any combination of components orsteps described herein not inconsistent with the objectives of thisdisclosure. Numerous modifications and adaptations thereof will bereadily apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from thescope of this disclosure.

IV. Methods of Using Process Inserts

In further aspects, methods of using process inserts and assemblies aredisclosed. In one embodiment, a method of measuring the temperature of afluid flowing through a container is disclosed. The method can compriseinserting the free end of a process insert in the interior volume of thecontainer. The process insert being inserted in the container may be anyof the inserts described in Section I above. In certain embodiments, forexample, where the temperature of the fluid is measured, the processinsert comprises a thermowell. The thermowell can be inserted in acontainer such as a pipe, duct, vessel, conduit, or tank. The thermowellcan have an overall structure that complies with the ASME PTC 19.3 TWstandard, or the thermowell may fall outside of the ASME PTC 19.3 TWstandard.

The method of measuring the temperature of a fluid flowing through thecontainer can further comprise inserting a temperature sensor into thecavity of the insert and measuring the temperature of the fluid usingthe temperature sensor. The temperature sensor may include, withoutlimitation, a RTD, bimetal Gauge, or thermometer, such as a gas actuatedthermometer. Any other type of temperature sensor not inconsistent withthe present disclosure is also contemplated.

According to a further embodiment, a method of sampling a fluid flowingthrough a container is disclosed. The method comprises inserting thefree end of the process insert into the interior volume of thecontainer. In this embodiment, for example, where the fluid is beingsampled, the insert comprises a sampling probe. The method can furthercomprise extracting a fluid sample from the interior volume of thecontainer through the cavity of the insert.

According to yet a further embodiment, a method of injecting a materialinto a fluid flowing through a container is disclosed. The methodcomprises insert the free end of the process insert into the interiorvolume of the container. In this embodiment, for example, where thefluid is being injected, the process insert is an injection quill. Themethod can further comprise injecting the material into the fluidflowing through the container through the cavity of the insert. Thematerial being injected may include, without limitation, a liquid, agas, a corrosion inhibiting material, or any other material notinconsistent with the present disclosure.

The methods described herein can have any combination of components orsteps described herein not inconsistent with the objectives of thepresent disclosure. Numerous modifications and adaptations thereof willbe readily apparent to those skilled in the art without departing fromthe scope of this disclosure.

Example 1 Process Inserts

FIGS. 1A-1D illustrate various aspects relating to process insertsaccording to the present disclosure. FIG. 1A schematically illustrates afirst process insert 10. The process insert 10 comprises a head 12having a cavity 14 formed therein. The process insert 10 furthercomprises a hub 15 disposed between the head 12 and a shank 16. The hub15 can have a larger diameter than the head 12 and the shank 16 forsupporting and/or engaging one or more flange members (e.g., 90A, 90B,FIG. 3A). The hub 15 can overlap at least one of the flange members (notshown) to form a lapped joint with the overlapped flange member. In somecases, the hub 15 can, but does not have to, overlap each of the flangemembers for forming a lapped joint with each flange member. The hub 15is configured to form and/or support the formation of a pressurecontaining seal via the flanged connection or other pressure containingclamp style arrangement, which is optionally a pressure rated seal. Forexample, and in some cases, first and second flange members are seatedon or over a respective first face ISA and a second face 15B of the hub15.

The process insert shank 16 is elongated and comprises a first end 18Aand a free end 18B opposite the first end. The first end 18A can bepositioned directly or indirectly adjacent to each of the head 12 and/orthe hub 15. Similarly, the hub 15 can surround portions of the head 12and/or shank 16. The shank 16 can comprise one or more non-threadedportions and one or more threaded portions. For example, a threadedportion 19 of the shank can be disposed between the first and free ends18A and 18B. The threaded portion 19 defines a threaded support surfaceby which the insert IO can be supported on or over a container of highvelocity fluid. The threaded portion 19 can be spaced apart from each ofthe first end 18A and the second end 18B, by at least about 0.2 inchesor more, at least 0.25 inches or more, at least 0.5 inches or more, ormore than 0.5 inches

The cavity 14 can extend through portions of the head 12 and the shank16. The cavity 14 is shown in broken lines for illustration purposesonly, as the cavity 14 can extend internally within the insert to anydesired length. For example, and in some embodiments, the cavity 14 onlypartially extends through the shank 16. In other embodiments, the cavity14 fully extends through the shank 19 and has openings at the head 12and the free end 16B of the shank.

The process insert 10 can comprise an overall length L1. The overalllength L1 can comprise any length consistent with the presentdisclosure. For example, exemplary overall length dimensions areprovided in Table 1 above, in Section 1.

The process insert IO further comprises an overall shank length L2. Theoverall shank length L2 extends in a longitudinal direction and cancomprise any length not inconsistent with the instant disclosure. Forexample, the overall shank length L2 can comprise a length of betweenabout 1 inches and 46 inches, or any subrange thereof (e.g., 1-6 in.,2-24 in., 4-8 in., etc.).

The process insert 10 can further comprise a supported length and anunsupported length. Exemplary dimensions for the unsupported length ofthe insert are provided in Table 2 above. In some cases, the supportedlength of the insert 10 consists of a first length L3 disposed betweenthe threaded portion 19 and the hub 15 summed with a second length L4,corresponding to a length of the threaded portion 19.

The unsupported length L5 is the length of the shank 16 being positionedbelow the threaded portion 19, and is most distal from the hub. In someembodiments, the supported length (L3+L4) is greater than theunsupported length LS. In other embodiments, the supported length(L3+L4) is less than the unsupported length LS. A ratio of the supportedlength (L3+L4) to the unsupported length LS can be greater than 1 insome embodiments, which is advantageous, as a reduced unsupported lengthL5 can improve the mechanical stability of the process insert 10 whenthe insert 10 is positioned in a high velocity fluid stream. In FIG. 1A,the threaded portion 19 is illustrated as being substantially centrallydisposed between the first end 18A and the free end 18B. However, thethreaded portion 19 could be disposed closer to either the first or freeend, depending on the fluid monitoring application.

FIG. 1B is a further embodiment of a process insert 20. The processinsert 20 comprises a head 22 having a cavity 21 formed therein, a hub24, and a shank 26. The shank 26 comprises a first body portion 26A anda second body portion 26B. The first body portion 26A can be shorterthan the second body portion 26B such that the threaded portion 28 islocated closer to the first end than the free end.

As FIG. 1B further illustrates, the first body portion 26A comprises afirst diameter D1 and the second body portion 26B comprises a seconddiameter D2. The overall shank 26 comprises a stepped body having a stepbetween the first body portion 26A and the second body portion 26B. Thefirst and second body portion 26A and 26B may also comprise a steppedconfiguration within that body portion, for example, second body portion26B may include a larger diameter portion and a smaller diameterportion, where desired.

In certain embodiments, the first diameter D1 is greater than the seconddiameter D2. The second body portion 26B can be substantially uniformand straight (i.e., non-tapered) as depicted in FIG. 1B, or the secondbody portion 26B can be tapered as depicted in FIG. 1D or stepped asnoted above. The threaded portion 28 can be disposed over less thanone-half of the shank or more than one-half of the shank. As notedabove, the threaded portion 28 can be disposed over any location oroccupy any portion of the shank not inconsistent with the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 1C is a further embodiment of a process insert 30 comprising a head32 with a cavity 31, a hub 34, and a shank 36. In this embodiment, thethreaded portion 38 of the shank has a greater diameter than each of thenon-threaded portions of the shank. The unsupported length on the freeend side of the shank 36 is also tapered, and non-uniform. Tapering theend of the shank may be desired for allow for more accurate temperaturereadings, in certain cases. As FIG. 1C illustrates, the threaded portion38 of the shank 36 can occupy more than one-half of the shank body, incertain embodiments.

FIG. 1D illustrates a further embodiment of a process insert, generallydesignated 40. The insert 40 comprises a head 42 having a cavity 41formed therein, a hub 44, and a shank 46. The shank comprises a firstend 46A proximate to the hub 44 and a free end 46B. A threaded portion48 is disposed between the first and free ends. In this embodiment, thethread occupies less than one-half of the shank body. Further, in thisembodiment, the threaded portion 48 is located closer to the free end48B than the first end 48A. The unsupported length 49 of the shank isalso tapered in this embodiment, although, as FIG. 1B illustrates, theunsupported length 49 can also be non-tapered.

The inserts illustrated in FIGS. 1A-1D can have any combination offeatures of components as described in Section I above, and are notlimited to the exemplary embodiments being shown. Numerous modificationsand adaptations thereof will be readily apparent to those skilled in theart without departing from the scope of the present subject matter.

Example 2 Process Insert Assemblies

FIGS. 2A-2C schematically illustrate various aspects relating to processinsert assemblies as described herein. FIG. 2A is an exploded viewillustrating a process insert system, generally designated 50, whichincludes a process insert assembly and a container. The process insertassembly comprises or consists of a process insert 10 and a support 60.The assembly can attach to a container 52 having an interior volume 54defined by or between one or more structures, surfaces, or walls 56 ofthe container. A fluid F is disposed in the container, and can passthrough the container at a high velocity, in certain instances. Thefluid F can comprise a high velocity liquid or gas contained in thecontainer 52, and the container 52 can comprise an inner diameter D3 andan outer diameter D4. The container thickness T can comprise anysuitable dimension not inconsistent with the present disclosure, and incertain embodiments, is between about 0.5 and 18 inches. Other containerthicknesses T, even variable thicknesses T, are contemplated.

As FIG. 2B illustrates, the container 52 may comprise a threaded opening52A. In this embodiment, the threaded portion 19 of the insert 10 canthread directly to the container for directly supporting the insert.Thus, in certain embodiments, the support 60 is optional and may not beprovided.

As FIG. 2C illustrates, however, the container 52 may comprise anon-threaded opening 52B. In this embodiment, the process insert 60 canbe provided on or over the container 52 for directly supporting theinsert 10. The process insert 60 can be welded to the container incertain embodiments.

Referring back to FIG. 2A, an instrument 70 can be inserted andpositioned within the cavity 14 of the insert 10. The instrument 70 cancomprise a probe or a sensor configured to interact with the fluid Finthe container 52. In some cases, the instrument 70 is used to attach aprobe or a sensor to the insert 10 and container. In other cases, theinstrument is a probe used to extract or inject the fluid F. In furthercases, the instrument 70 is a sensor used to measure a temperature,pressure, or other attribute associated with the fluid F.

During installation of the insert 10 to the container 52, the insert canbe positioned through an opening in the container 52 and optionallythrough the support 60, if provided. The threaded portion 19 of theinsert can be rotated, screwed, and/or otherwise threaded against thethreaded opening 52A of the container 54 or a threaded region 65 of thesupport for forming a threaded attachment between the insert 10 and thecontainer 60. As described in Section I above, the threaded attachmentbetween the insert 10 and the container 60 and/or the insert 10 and thesupport 60 improves the amount of support being imparted to the insert10, and may not necessarily used to seal the fluid F in the container.

The support 60, where used, includes a body 61 having an upper surface62 and a lower surface 63. The lower surface 63 can be contoured, asneeded, to match the contour of the container 52. A cavity or bore 64 isformed through the support, and has openings at the upper and lowersurfaces 62 and 62. At least a portion of the bore 64 forms the threadedregion 65 that matches the threaded portion 19 of the insert. The insert10 can be inserted and threaded directly to the support 60, whichprovides an additional point of support for the insert 10 outside of thecontainer 52 wall.

As FIG. 2A further illustrates, the unsupported length UL of the insert10 will be positioned through the support 60 and opening of thecontainer 52 so that it is positioned in the stream of the flowing fluidF. The remainder of the insert, or the supported length SL, is disposedand/or supported outside of the container 52 via the support 60 andoptional nozzle (e.g., 120, FIG. 3A). The threaded portion 19 canprovide a discrete point of support at the container outer surface orwall 52, which allows the unsupported length UL of the insert to bereduced and strengthen the ability of the insert 10 to withstandvelocity induced vibration.

FIGS. 3A-3C are schematic views of a process insert system, generallydesignated 80, which includes a process insert assembly and a container.Referring to FIGS. 3A-3C collectively, the system 80 comprises an insert100 and a support 130, which together form a process insert assembly.The process insert 100 can be installed to the container via insertingthe insert 100 through an optional spacer 114, first flange member 90A,nozzle 120, support 130, and the container 140, and then rotated to forma threaded attachment on, over, or within the container 140. In thisexemplary embodiment, the container 140 is a pipe. A second flangemember 90B can be provided over the process insert 110. The first andsecond flange members 90A and 90B can be seated on, over, or against thehub 104 of the insert 100, and tightened together to form a flangedconnection via one or more fasteners.

The process insert 100 comprises a head 102 having a cavity 112, a hub104, and a shank 106. The shank includes a threaded portion 108 thatmatingly engages the support 130 and/or the container 140. The head 102of the process insert is formed with a shaped region 102A, by which atool (e.g., wrench, pliers, etc.) can grip the insert 100 formanipulating and screwing it into the support 130 or container 140. Onceinstalled, as seen in FIG. 3C, the unsupported length 110 of the shankis positioned inside of the container 140, directly in the stream of afluid flowing through the container. The remainder of the shaft isdisposed outside of the container 140, and proximate to the outer wallof the container.

Referring to the respective first and second flange members 90A and 90Billustrated in FIGS. 3A-3C, each member comprises a body 92 having aprimary aperture 96 and one or more fastener receiving holes 94 formedthere through. The fastener receiving holes 94 are configured to receiveone or more fastening members (e.g., bolts, 154, FIG. 3C), which can betightened against the flanged members for forcing the flanged memberstogether and forming a flanged connection to seal the fluid in thecontainer 140. The primary aperture 96 can comprise a centrally disposedaperture though which portions of the insert 100 extend. Each of therespective first and second flange members 90A and 90B can optionallycomprise Van Stone flange members, where one is a receiving Van Stoneflange and one is a lapping Van Stone flange. Each of the respectivefirst and second flange members 90A and 90B can alternatively be araised face flange, flat face flange, ring joint flange, or a tongue andgroove flange. Pressure containing clamp style seals are alsocontemplated.

As FIG. 3C illustrates, the hub 104 forms a lapped joint with the firstflange member 90A. The first flange member 90A comprises a lapping area99 that abuts the hub 104 directly or indirectly. A spacer 114, such asa gasket, washer, or plate, can optionally be disposed between the hub104 and lapping member 99. The hub 104 can also form a lapped joint withthe second flange member 90B, in certain embodiments. The second flangemember 90B comprises a stepped area 98 that receives and retains thehead 102 of the insert 100.

Referring in general to FIGS. 3A-3C, a nozzle 120 can be provided overor around portions of the insert 100 and shaft 106. During installationor replacement of the insert, a minimal amount of fluid may breach thecontainer 140 and be retained by the nozzle 120. The nozzle 120 includesan outer surface or wall 122 that defines an aperture 124 for receivingthe insert 100. The nozzle 120 can be partially received or nestedwithin a portion of the support 130 at a support facing end.Alternatively, the nozzle 120 may abut the support 130 in an end-to-endconfiguration. The nozzle 120 and support 130 can be joined via anysuitable method not inconsistent with the instant disclosure, such asbeing welded, threaded, or adhesively bonded together.

Still referring to FIGS. 3A-3C, the support 130 can comprise a body 132defining a central bore 134. In some cases, the bore is uniform. Inother cases, as illustrated in FIG. 3B, the bore has a stepped structureincluding a planar face 136 over which the nozzle is seated and an innersurface 138 provided orthogonal to the face 136. The inner surface 138is threaded and threadingly engages the process insert 100.

FIG. 3C is a side view of the system 80, which depicts sectionalportions in broken lines. As FIG. 3C shows, the insert 100 is insertedinto the container 140 and screwed into the support 130 to form athreaded attachment 152. The threaded attachment may create a sealhaving minimal pressure; however, as the seal is non-locking, the sealmay be non-rated. The support 130 can anchor the insert 100 to thecontainer 140 enabling it to better resist vibration induced damage.

Moreover, the support 130 and nozzle 120 each support the insert 100,for example, non-threaded portions of the insert, outside of thecontainer 140. The unsupported length 110 of the insert 100 is insertedwithin the container 140. Bolts 154 are secured and tightened togethervia one or more retaining structures, such as nuts 156, to form theflanged connection 150. The flanged connection 150 is spaced apart fromthe outer surface of the container 140, and creates a pressurecontaining seal between the inside of the container and the outside ofthe container. The seal can be a pressure rated seal meeting ANSIstandards, in some embodiments.

FIGS. 4A and 4B describe an embodiment of a process insert system 200,which includes a process insert assembly and a container (such as apipe). Many of the features shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B are featurescommonly shared across the various embodiments described herein, such asin the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1A-3C, where common features aredesignated by the same reference numbers and described with the sameterms across all embodiments. For purposes of brevity, discussions ofthese common features have been omitted with respect to FIGS. 4A and 4B,and the previous passages herein describing those features areincorporated by reference with respect to FIGS. 4A and 4B.

Referring to FIGS. 4A and 4B collectively, the process insert system 200comprises an insert 201 and a support 130, which together form a processinsert assembly. The process insert 201 can be installed to thecontainer via inserting the insert 201 through an optional spacer 114,first flange member 90A, nozzle 120, support 130, and the container 140,and then rotated to forma threaded attachment on, over, or within thecontainer 140. In this exemplary embodiment, the container 140 is apipe. The hub is an integral flange 202 configured to be tightenedtogether with the first flange member 90A to form a flanged connection(see FIG. 3C for an exemplary connection).

The integral flange 202 is positioned between the shank 106 and the head102, and radially extends outward from a surface of the process insert201. The integral flange 202 can be integrally formed from the processinsert 201, or can be a separate flange piece that has been attached tothe process insert 201 through welding, soldering, brazing, frictionalengagement, threaded engagement, bonding, or any other type of joiningprocess consistent with this disclosure. A plurality of fastenerreceiving holes 94 are distributed radially, proximate to an outercircumferential edge of the integral flange 202, and extend through theintegral flange 202. The fastener receiving holes 94 are configured toreceive one or more fasteners (e.g., bolts, 154, FIG. 3C), which can betightened against the first flanged member 90A and the integral flange202, applying a compressive force that pushes the first flanged member90A and the integral flange 202 together, forming a flanged connectionto seal the fluid in the container 140. The first flange member 90A canoptionally be a Van Stone-type flange. In some instances, the firstflange member 90A can be a raised face flange, flat face flange, ringjoint flange, or a tongue and groove flange. In some preferredembodiments, the first flange member 90A is a raised face flange.Pressure containing clamp style seals are also contemplated.

In instances where the first flange member 90A is a Van Stone-typeflange, the nozzle 120 can have a first end (e.g., the end facing theintegral flange 202, opposite a support facing end) that is rolled,bent, or turned outward to form a Van Stone-style face flange commonlyknown to the skilled artisan for Van Stone-style flange connections.This face flange is positioned (e.g., sandwiched) between the firstflange member 90A and the integral flange 202 to form a seal therebetween. In some instances, the face flange can be a separate componentwelded or otherwise bonded to the first end of the nozzle 120.

When the first flange member 90A is a raised face flange, flat faceflange, ring joint flange, or a tongue and groove flange, the firstflange member 90A can be attached to the first end of the nozzle 120through welding, soldering, brazing, frictional engagement, threadedengagement, bonding, or any other type of joining process consistentwith this disclosure.

The inserts and assemblies illustrated in FIGS. 1A-4B can have anycombination of features or components as described in Sections I and IIabove, and are not limited to the exemplary embodiments being shown. Itis particularly to be noted that inserts and assemblies described hereincan include any combination of features or components recited in thefollowing claims, in any combination, whether said claims are presentedin multiple dependent form or not. All such intermediate embodiments areexpressly contemplated herein.

1. A method for measuring temperature of a fluid flowing through acontainer, comprising: provisioning a process insert, comprising: a headcomprising a cavity; a first flange member; a hub, configured to form apressure containing seal between the container and the process insert; ashank with a non-locking threaded portion, wherein the cavity extendsthrough a portion of the shank; and a nozzle; provisioning thecontainer, comprising: a support joined to the container with a secondflange member, wherein the support comprises a non-locking threadedportion, wherein threading the shank and the support does not form apressure containing seal; mating the process insert and the container,wherein mating secures the first flange member and the second flangemember; inserting an instrument into the cavity of the process insert;and measuring a temperature of the fluid flowing through the container.2. The method of claim 1, wherein the hub is an integral flange formingthe first flange member.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein matingfurther comprises securing the first flange member and the second flangemember with fasteners such as screws, clips, or bolts.
 4. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the first flange member and the second flange member iseither a Van Stone flange, raised face flange, flat faced flange, ringjoint flange, or a tongue and groove flange.
 5. The method of claim 1,wherein the first flange member is welded, soldered, or brazed to theprocess insert.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the second flangemember is welded, soldered, or brazed to the container.
 7. The method ofclaim 1, wherein mating the process insert and the container forms apressure containing seal.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein insertingthe instrument inserts either a thermocouple, a resistance temperaturedetector (RTD), a bimetal Gauge, a thermometer, or a gas actuatedthermometer
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein provisioning the containercomprising a support, the support is formed from a wall of thecontainer, wherein the container wall comprises a non-locking threadedportion.
 10. A method for sampling a fluid flowing through a container,comprising: provisioning a process insert, comprising: a head comprisinga cavity; a first flange member; a hub, configured to form a pressurecontaining seal between the container and the process insert; a shankwith a non-locking threaded portion, and the cavity extends through theshank; and a nozzle; provisioning the container, comprising: a supportjoined to the container with a second flange member, wherein the supportcomprises a non-locking threaded portion, wherein threading the shankand the support does not form a pressure containing seal; mating theprocess insert and the container, wherein mating secures the firstflange member and the second flange member; inserting an instrument intothe cavity of the process insert; and sampling the fluid flowing throughthe container.
 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the hub is anintegral flange forming the first flange member.
 12. The method of claim10, wherein mating further comprises securing the first flange memberand the second flange member with fasteners such as screws, clips, orbolts.
 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the first flange member andthe second flange member is either a Van Stone flange, raised faceflange, flat faced flange, ring joint flange, or a tongue and grooveflange.
 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the first flange member iswelded, soldered, or brazed to the process insert.
 15. The method ofclaim 10, wherein the second flange member is welded, soldered, orbrazed to the container.
 16. The method of claim 10, wherein mating theprocess insert and the container forms a pressure containing seal. 17.The method of claim 10, wherein inserting the instrument inserts asampling probe.
 18. The method of claim 10, wherein provisioning thecontainer comprising a support, the support is formed from a wall of thecontainer, wherein the container wall comprises a non-locking threadedportion.
 19. A method for injecting material into a fluid flowingthrough a container, comprising: provisioning a process insert,comprising: a head comprising a cavity; a first flange member; a hub,configured to form a pressure containing seal between the container andthe process insert; a shank with a non-locking threaded portion, and thecavity extends through the shank; and a nozzle; provisioning thecontainer, comprising: a support joined to the container with a secondflange member, wherein the support comprises a non-locking threadedportion, wherein threading the shank and the support does not form apressure containing seal; mating the process insert and the container,wherein mating secures the first flange member and the second flangemember; inserting an instrument into the cavity of the process insert;and injecting material into the fluid flowing through the container. 20.The method of claim 19, wherein inserting the instrument inserts asampling quill.